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Red Northern Barbarians

Red Northern Barbarians (赤狄) is a term seen in the Spring and Autumn Annals1 referring to tribes lived in the Inner Asia. However, Hirose Tanso (広瀬 淡窓) in late Edo Period used "Red Northern Barbarians" and "Red People" (赤人) in his poem 2 referring to Russians. 3

Footnotes

  1. In the third year of Duke Sen of Ro, Red Northern Barbarians invaded Sei. 《左傳》宣《經》三年「秋，赤狄侵齊。」 ↩

  2. 《送人遊宦長崎》「赤狄情難測（近來赤人申請互市），紅夷信未傳（蘭舩久不至）。」（《遠思楼詩鈔》卷上葉七） ↩

  3. Okamura Shigeru (岡村 繁) noted this refers to the Russian ambassador Nikolai Rezanov visted Nagasaki Bay with the aim of conducting a commercial treaty. 岡村繁注謂「赤狄」一句言俄羅斯使萊薩諾夫申請互市之事。（岡村繁著、俞慰慈譯《江戶漢詩選注》，見岡村繁全集第八卷《毛詩正義注疏選箋（外二種）》第526-527頁，上海：上海古籍出版社2009年6月，ISBN 978-7-5325-5110-1） ↩